Absence of Handling-Induced <i>Saprolegnia</i> Infection in Juvenile Rainbow Trout with Implications for Catch-and-Release Angling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Catch-and-release angling is common in recreational fisheries. During handling and dehooking, fish are subjected to stress and dermal injuries, which may result in infections by pathogens after the fish is released. The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of common handling practices used by anglers on the postrelease behavior and fate, particularly the susceptibility to disease, of undersized Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Behavior immediately following capture and subsequent release of fish was examined in a 40-L container, and long-term fate was studied for 2 weeks in tanks incubated with Saprolegnia parasitica zoospores. Trout were behaviorally impaired as indicated by the ease of being netted following the simulated fight associated with catch and release, but there were no further behavioral impacts due to subsequent handling. None of the Rainbow Trout developed fungal infections nor was any significant mortality observed after 2 weeks; only 1 out of 137 fish died. Our data indicate that juvenile hatchery-reared Rainbow Trout have a high resilience to Saprolegnia infection handling-induced stress. Received February 9, 2014; accepted August 25, 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".