On a manifestly covariant classical mechanics or ruminations on “The Computable Universe” and the role of mathematical physics in solving the natural resource problems of the future
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We informally discuss a number of puzzling fundamental issues that illustrate one might view the laws of physics as a loosely connected patchwork of different theories, rather than a grand unified scheme, even within the realm of chemistry. One long‐lasting difficulty is the merging of special relativity and quantum mechanics: the many‐body Dirac equation, which is the most satisfactory description of the effects of relativity in chemistry, is not Lorentz invariant. In this article, we address the formulation of a manifestly Lorentz invariant classical mechanics in which each particle is described by individual space and time coordinates, while the system as a whole evolves according to a Hamiltonian dynamics based upon a universal evolution parameter. The physical interpretation of the theoretical framework, or its agreement with experiment, in particular when the transition would be made to a quantum theory in four dimensions, is not clear at present. Our search for an understanding of the physical concepts underlying the covariant mechanics has led to a broader view on the use of mathematical and theoretical physics: it could possibly be at the basis for a “computable physics” in which the laws of physics are redesigned such that they are optimally suited for computer simulations, rather than aim for the accurate description of physical reality. In the final section of the article, it is argued that this may be a fertile way to address some of the natural resource problems the world is likely to face in the future. This article essentially covers much of the material presented by one of the authors (MN) at the Odyssey meeting in Edmonton, June 2008, and we hope reflects some of the stimulating discourse that can ensue when people from different disciplines are brought together to share their thoughts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".