<title>Optical imaging of objects within highly scattering media using silicon-micromachined collimating arrays</title>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optical imaging of objects within highly scattering media requires the detection of ballistic/quasiballistic photons through these media. Recent works have used Phase/Coherence Domain or Time Domain Tomography (femtosecond pulses) to detect the shortest path photons through scattering media. Our collimation detection uses Small Acceptance Angle Devices to extract photons emitted within a small source angle. This work employs a high aspect, micromachined collimating detector array fabricated by high-resolution silicon surface micromachining. Consider a linear collimating array of very high aspect ratio (200:1) containing 51x1000 micrometers etched channels with 102 micrometers spacing over a 10 mm silicon width. With precise array alignment to a laser source, unscattered light passes directly through the channels to the CCD detector and the channel walls absorb the scattered light at angles >0.29 degree(s) Objects within a scattering medium were scanned quickly with a computer-controlled Z-axis table. High-resolution images of 100 micrometers wide lines and spaces were detected at scattered-to-ballistic ratios of 500,000:1. At >5,000,000:1 ratios, a uniform background of scattered illumination degrades the image contrast unless recovered by background subtraction. Simulations suggest smaller channels and longer arrays could enhance detection by factors greater than 100. Detection using Silicon Micromachined Collimating Arrays are also nearly wavelength independent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".