1,3‐butadiene polymerization using Co/Nd‐based Ziegler/Natta catalyst: Microstructures and properties of butadiene rubber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Among Ziegler‐Natta catalysts used for 1,3‐butadiene (1,3‐BD) polymerization, the advantage of a neodymium (Nd)‐based catalyst is that it provides butadiene rubber (BR) with a high content of cis −1,4 configuration and a low amount of vinyl −1,2 units. Whereas, a cobalt (Co)‐based catalyst can produce BR with a low content of trans −1,4 configuration. Thus, this research was aimed to prepare BR containing a high content of cis −1,4 configuration with low amounts of both trans −1,4 and vinyl −1,2 units using a combination of Nd‐ and Co‐based Ziegler/Natta catalysts with triethyl aluminum (TEAL) and diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC) acting as a co‐catalyst and a chlorinating agent, respectively. The effects of the molar Co/Nd ratio, TEAL concentration, DEAC loading, 1,3‐BD content, solvent type, and reaction temperature on % conversion, microstructures, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of the obtained BR (Co/Nd‐BR) were evaluated. The Co/Nd‐BR having >97% of cis −1,4 configuration, <2% of trans −1,4 structure, and <1% of vinyl −1,2 unit with >80% conversion was achieved when 3.01 M of 1,3‐BD concentration was treated in a toluene/cyclohexane mixture (7/3 [w/w]). The Co/Nd‐BR exhibited no gel formation with high mechanical performance, which was equivalent to commercial BR produced from a Nd‐based catalyst system. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:14–21, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".