La question de la taxe scolaire à Montréal au XIX e siècle (1870 – 1903) : un nouveau regard sur l’intégration sociale des Juifs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En 1903, l’Assemblée législative du Québec adopte une loi qui consacre l’intégration des élèves juifs aux écoles protestantes. En règle générale, les historiens ont interprété l’adoption de cette loi comme le résultat de l’exclusivité religieuse pratiquée par les élites éducatives catholiques à l’endroit des immigrants juifs. En se basant sur l’analyse des éditoriaux de la presse, des archives des commissions scolaires et du Congrès juif canadien, l’auteur arrive plutôt à la conclusion que la question du mode de partage de la taxe scolaire, intimement liée à celle de l’instruction des enfants juifs, a joué un rôle déterminant dans leur intégration aux écoles protestantes. In 1903 the Legislative Assembly of Quebec adopted a law recognizing the integration of Jewish students in Protestant schools. As a rule, historians have interpreted the adoption of this law as the result of religious exclusivity practised by the elite Catholic educators towards Jewish immigrants. Based on an analysis of editorials in the press and archives from school boards and the Jewish Canadian Congress, the author has instead concluded that the question of how the education tax was shared (and closely linked to the education of Jewish children) played a crucial role in their integration into Protestant schools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".