Melampsora Leaf Rust of Willow Causing a Stem Canker in Minnesota
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In June 2000, during a routine examination of native willow (Salix sp.) growing in northwestern Minnesota, several plants were observed with multiple stem cankers. The cankers, some reaching 6 cm in length, were found on 1- to 3-year-old wood. Within the canker, the bark was blistered in several areas, exposing urediniospores averaging 15 × 24 μm. Although all North American willow leaf rusts are now included in the collective species Melampsora epitea, the spores fit the description of M. paradoxa (syn. M. bigelowii) (1). While evidence of previous sporulating cankers was present on older wood, no symptoms of leaf rust were present on the foliage in the area. Similarly, evidence of overwintering of M. bigelowii on young willow stems has been reported in Michigan (2). Willow species and cultivars used in biomass plantings need to be screened for rust resistance to local rust populations as the presence of a leaf rust infecting stems could become damaging to cultivated willow. For this reason, revision of the willow rust species and determination of their distribution and host range should be undertaken. References: (1) J. C. Arthur. 1962. Manual of the Rusts in United States and Canada, Hafner Publishing, New York. (2) J. R. Weir and E. E. Hubert. Phytopathology 8:55, 1918.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".