Relationship between multiple substorm onsets and the IMF: A case study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between a series of Pi2 pulsations and their associated substorm onsets with the IMF is examined on 5 May 1999. The magnetograms from the CANOPUS array show the occurrence of three substorm onsets, accompanied by Pi2 bursts. Analysis of the auroral electrojet location and current intensity as deduced from the Churchill line in the CANOPUS array shows that the following onsets move poleward. ACE and Wind magnetic field data show that the first onset occurs during a period of weak southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and that the second onset occurs about an hour later when the IMF has become slightly northward. The third onset occurs during strongly northward IMF. Magnetic disturbances at GOES 8 and GOES 10 confirm that each onset is accompanied by disturbances in the field like those expected from the substorm current wedge. Meanwhile, from the IMP 8 observations in the magnetotail, the decreases of the total and X components of the magnetic field imply that significant removal of magnetic flux from the tail has occurred after the third onset. Thus a single cycle of dayside reconnection transport of open flux and reconnection of that open flux may contain within it multiple onsets of tail reconnection and dipolarization of the night magnetosphere, some possibly not involving the open flux in the lobes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".