An integrated framework of lake‐stream connectivity for a semi‐arid, subarctic environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Lake‐stream networks dominate the semi‐arid, subarctic Precambrian shield. Such a network consists of a number of lake basin elements linked to each other by surface channels. To investigate the processes causing seasonal severance of flow connection in the lake‐stream system, a chain of lakes in northern Canada was studied in 2004. Water balance shows that rapid and substantial runoff from the local basin slopes during the snowmelt period led to a rise of lake levels above their outlet elevations to generate outflow. Continued summer evaporation caused draw down of lake storage below the outflow thresholds, represented by the lake outlet elevations. Outflow ceased and the lakes became disconnected. Summer rainfall in a semi‐arid environment was insufficient to overcome storage deficit to re‐establish flow connectivity among all lakes. For the drainage system as a whole, streamflow interruption or continuity depends on the linkage of its lake‐stream sub‐units. The principle of fill and spill governs runoff generation and flow connection between the lake elements. This principle is applied to a conceptual model of flow along a chain of lakes, taking account of (1) antecedent storage in individual lakes, (2) their storage change calculated through water balance and (3) the thresholds to be exceeded for outflows to occur. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".