Effects Of An Energy Drink On Performance Of Varsity Hockey Players.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A number of varsity athletes may use commonly available stimulant supplements as a means to attempt to improve performance in their sport. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of consuming 250 ml of a commercially available energy drink or a placebo on game type performance in varsity hockey players. METHODS: 20 varsity hockey players (Mean±SD; 22.1±1.1 years, 181.3±4.8 cm, 88.2±7.2 kg, 11.2±3.6% body fat, and 17.2±1.2 years of playing experience) volunteered to participate in a double blind, placebo controlled study. Participants reported to the arena at 4pm and received either a placebo drink or the energy drink. At 4:30pm, they performed a Reed Repeat skating test and then participated in a ∼60 min standardized hockey practice led by 3 coaches. The last 20 min was a scrimmage and their performance was rated from best to worst by 3 coaches blinded on the treatment received. Following the on-ice tests, the players removed their hockey gear and performed a 60 sec Bosco jump test. 48 hours later, after following the same diet as on the first testing day, the players performed the exact same procedures following consumption of the other treatment drink. RESULTS: There were no significant (p<0.05) changes in Reed Repeat skate test fastest time on ice, on-ice drop off, fatigue index and total time, or in ranks during practice/ scrimmage, or in Bosco jump test peak height, relative power and fatigue index between energy drink and placebo treatments. Because some (n=7) were regular users of energy drinks, we also analyzed the results between users and non-users. There was a trend (p=0.088) indicating that users performed better according to the coaches' ranks when consuming the energy drink while non-users tended to be ranked lower when consuming the drink. CONCLUSION: Compared to a placebo, consumption of a commercially available energy drink 30 min prior to a hockey practice does not improve or harm performance for approximately 2 hours in varsity hockey players.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".