A 118 nm vacuum ultraviolet laser/time-of-flight mass spectroscopic study of methanol and ethanol clusters in the vapor phase
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clusters of methanol and ethanol formed above neat liquid samples were entrained in a supersonic jet of helium and probed in the expansion using 118 nm vacuum ultraviolet laser single-photon ionization/time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. Almost every cluster ion observed in the TOF mass spectra could be represented by the formula H(ROH)n+, where R=CH3 or C2H5, and n=1–5. Formation of these species is attributed to a well-established ionization pathway where each protonated (n−1)-mer originates from its n-mer neutral parent. Signals in the TOF mass spectra due to the protonated trimers H(CH3OH)3+ and H(CH3CH2OH)3+ were found to be the most intense and provides direct evidence that these particular cluster ions are “magic-number” structures. The possible relationships between the observed ion data and the neutral cluster vapor phase distributions are discussed. In this context, methanol and ethanol vapor cluster distributions at 298.15 K and at several pressures⩾the equilibrium vapor pressure were computed using the grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics techniques. Lastly, differences between these experiments and the results of bimolecular reaction studies are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it