Representing taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity: new challenges for<scp>M</scp>editerranean marine‐protected areas
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aim To assess gaps in the representation of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity among coastal fishes in M editerranean marine‐protected areas ( MPA s). Location M editerranean S ea. Methods We first assessed gaps in the taxonomic representation of the 340 coastal fish species in M editerranean MPA s, with representation targets (the species range proportion to be covered by MPA s) set to be inversely proportional to species' range sizes. We then asked whether MPA s favoured representation of phylogenetically and functionally more distinct species or whether there was a tendency to favour less distinctive ones. We finally evaluated the overall conservation effectiveness of the MPA s using a metric that integrates species' phylogenetic and functional relationships and targets achievement. The effectiveness of the MPA system at protecting biodiversity was assessed by comparison of its achievements against a null model obtained by siting current MPA s at random over the study area. Results Among the coastal fish species analysed, 16 species were not covered by any MPA . All the remaining species only partially achieved the pre‐defined representation target. The current MPA system missed fewer species than expected from siting MPA s at random. However, c. 70% of the species did not achieve better protection in the current MPA s than expected from siting MPA s at random. Functional and evolutionary distinctiveness were weakly correlated with target achievement. The observed coverage of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity was not different or lower than expected from siting MPA s at random. Main conclusions The M editerranean MPA system falls short in meeting conservation targets for coastal fish taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. M editerranean MPA s do not encompass more biodiversity than expected by chance. This study reveals multiple ongoing challenges and calls for regional collaboration for the extension of the M editerranean system of MPA s to meet international commitments and reduce the ongoing loss of marine biodiversity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it