Durability performance of fiber-reinforced concrete in severe environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP; 0.5%), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; 0.75%), and hooked-end steel (1%) fibers were investigated to evaluate the durability performance of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) exposed to severe environments. Conventional beam specimens (100 × 100 × 360 mm 3 ) were prepared and exposed to three types of conditioning systems for 27 months, in both un-cracked and pre-cracked conditions. Degradation of the FRC was evaluated using visual or photographic inspection, change in permeable pore space, destructive beam testing, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and depth of carbonation measurements. For each of the fiber types and mixtures evaluated, significant surface degradation and carbonation only appeared in specimens exposed to immersion in a low pH solution designed to simulate swamp water. These specimens also exhibited significant degradation in both average residual strength (ARS) and toughness. On the other hand, difficulties in the comparison between pre-cracked specimens and un-cracked specimens were found due to re-adhered or healed pre-cracked specimens from dissolved materials (salt or lime) in solutions. A relatively good resistance to saltwater immersion and w/d conditioning was observed for all fiber types. Among fiber types, steel fibers showed the highest strength to conditioning compared with PP and PVA fibers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".