Landslides in Rio de Janeiro: The role played by variations in soil hydraulic conductivity
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Landslides are natural processes triggered by complex relationships between many conditioning factors. In Rio de Janeiro city, intense rainstorms combined with steep slopes, usually occupied by slums, create favourable conditions for landslide generation. In general, slope failures are related to high positive pore‐pressures inside soil mantles, which are associated with topographic hollows and hydraulic discontinuities inside the deep weathered profile. This study aims to characterize the role played by spatial variations in saturated soil hydraulic conductivity K sat on landsliding in the Papagaio Basin (2·5 km 2 ), triggered by intense rainstorms (250 mm in less than 2 days) in February 1996. Field measurements, using the Guelph permeameter, were conducted along soil profiles (up to 5·0 m depth), around and inside landslide scars representing different geomorphological domains. Also, soil physical properties (grain size, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, etc.) were evaluated at the 87 sites where K sat was measured. Despite the many geological and pedological variations inside the basin, including changes in lithology, fracture density, vegetation type and succession stage, soil characteristics and weathering stage, and human activities, 94% of the K sat values varied by only two orders of magnitude (1·0 × 10 −6 –9·0 × 10 −5 m s −1 ). However, abrupt changes in K sat were observed along some of the soil profiles studied, e.g. an increase of two orders of magnitude in only 0·30 m. These hydraulic discontinuities may contribute locally to the development of high pore pressures during intense rainstorms, leading to landsliding. The results also suggest that different K sat variation patterns coexist inside the basin, which should be considered in mathematical models of landslide prediction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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