Prevention of Biliary Duct Injury in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using Optical Fiber Illumination in Common Bile Duct
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biliary duct injury (BDI) is one of the most common complications in laparoscopic cholectecystomy (LC), in this study, we have tried to place an illuminating optical fiber via endoscopy in the CBD during LC, the biliary duct anatomy can be clearly delineated, thus CBD injury is avoided. METHODS: Sixteen patients with chronic cholecystitis or/and cholelithiasis from February 2007 to June 2008 were performed LC with placement of optical fiber in CBD, the fiber with cold light illuminates the whole extrahepatic biliary system. Three 6-mm titanium clips were applied to the soft tissue surrounding the hepatic duct, CBD and the cystic duct confluence with CBD, respectively; one titanium clip was applied to the surface of cystic duct near the infundibulum of gallbladder. The cytic duct, CBD and common hepatic duct were clearly identified and delineated in the operating field and LC was performed. RESULTS: All the 16 patients were performed LC using this procedure successfully, there were no LC-related complications, nor complications related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanceatography (ERCP). CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopically placed optical fiber in the CBD can clearly identify the CBD, Calot's triangle and the common hepatic duct, this can reduce the bile duct injury in LC and imporve the safety of LC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".