An evaluation of methods for breaking seed dormancy in kudzu (<i>Pueraria lobata</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We evaluated several methods for breaking dormancy in seeds of the invasive weed Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (kudzu). Seedlings from untreated seeds emerged from late March to early October 1999 in trays placed outdoors under natural weather conditions; mean cumulative percentage emergence was low (11%). In growth chamber experiments, germination percentages of untreated seeds ranged from 6 to 17%. All hand-scarified seeds germinated, whereas only 6% of intact seeds germinated. Other dormancy-breaking methods that produced higher germination percentages included exposure to ethyl alcohol for 6-12 h (24-86%), exposure to concentrated sulfuric acid for 1-2 h (65-81%), and exposure to moist heat for 5-300 s (30-80%). The influence of temperature on germination percentages of seeds following dry heat treatments depended on the duration of exposure. At 60 and 80°C, germination percentages increased with longer exposures to dry heat and were greatest after 720 min (27 and 60%, respectively). At 100°C, percent germination was greatest when seeds were exposed to dry heat for only 10 min (93%). Cold stratification at 5°C for 0-6 weeks did not increase seed germination percentages after exposure to a range of alternating thermoperiods. Similarly, dry storage at room temperature for 0, 200, or 400 days did not affect germination percentages in light or dark treatments.Key words: Pueraria lobata, physical dormancy, germination, phenology, acid scarification, warm stratification, cold stratification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".