DNA polymorphisms among near-isogenic lines for powdery-mildew-resistant genes in barley detected by primers targeting resistance-gene analogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Barley powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, is a disease of economic importance in Europe and many other parts of the world. Genetic resistance is one of the most effective means to control this disease. The use of molecular markers closely linked to powdery-mildew-resistant genes would facilitate barley improvement. In this study, primers were synthesized based on the resistance-gene analogs primers used in genomic studies of maize, rice, barley, wheat, and potato. These primers were then used to detect DNA polymorphism in 15 near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from 'Pallas', each carrying a different gene for resistance to E. graminis f. sp. hordei. We identified nine resistance-gene analogs putatively linked to the powdery-mildew-resistant genes Mla3, Mlp, and Mlg carried by the 'Pallas' NILs P2, P19, and P21, respectively. These molecular markers are potentially valuable tools for barley breeders to stack genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew. The three NILs will be individually crossed with a common susceptible barley cultivar to determine the linkage between the targeted resistance genes and the newly identified molecular markers.Key words: Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, resistance, molecular markers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".