3K-1 Integrated and Flexible Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thick (>40 mum) ceramic films as piezoelectric and ultrasonic transducers (UTs) have been successfully deposited on metallic and non-metallic substrates by a spray technique. In the film fabrication a composite consisting of piezoelectric powders well mixed with solution of high dielectric constant is directly sprayed onto the substrate. It is then dried, fired or annealed by heat. Multiple coating is used to achieve preferred thicknesses. A corona poling is utilized to achieve the piezoelectricity of the film. The top electrode is accomplished by a painting method. All fabrication processes can be carried out on-site and by handheld devices. Integrated ultrasonic longitudinal, shear, surface and plate wave transducers have been made. The same technology has been also used to fabricate flexible transducers consisting of a thin substrate, a piezoelectric ceramic film and electrodes. The flexibility is realized owing to the porosity of piezoelectric film and the thinness of the piezoelectric film, substrate and electrodes. All transducers have been tested at least up to 150degC. Their applications for non-destructive testing of different materials are demonstrated
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".