Perceived Exercise Benefits and Barriers in Hemodialysis Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Exercise participation in hemodialysis centers remains low despite the opportunity, equipment, and proven benefits. The purpose of this study was to measure the perceived benefits and perceived barriers to exercise participation. Methods: A questionnaire using the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale was administered to 150 in-center, chronic hemodialysis patients at a free standing dialysis center with an ongoing exercise program for three years. This survey was adapted to show the patients’ perceived benefits and barriers of exercise in the dialysis unit. Results: The overall score of the unit (n = 150) was 92.0 ± 12.2 with a possible range from 31 to 124. Exercisers (n = 32) had a mean of 98.1 ± 12.3 on the scale; non-exercisers (n = 118) had a mean on 90.4 ± 11.7 (p < .05). Answers to 12 of the 31 questions were significant (p < .05). Seven questions were perceived benefits; five questions were perceived barriers. All (n = 150) Non Exercisers (n = 118) Exercisers (n = 32) Mean Mean Mean Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale 92 ± 12.2 90.4 ± 11.7 98.1 ± 12.3 Benefits 62.1 ± 10.2 61.2 ± 9.8 65.3 ± 11.0 Barriers 29.6 ± 4.6 28.8 ± 4.6 32.9 ± 3.2 Questions with p < .05 Enjoy exercise 3.0 ± 0.7 2.7 ± 0.9 3.4 ± 0.6 Prevent heart attacks 3.3 ± 0.6 2.9 ± 0.8 3.4 ± 0.6 Improve cardiovascular system 3.1 ± 0.7 3.1 ± 0.7 3.4 ± 0.6 Difficult due to vision 3.3 ± 0.8 3.3 ± 0.8 3.7 ± 0.5 Difficult due to arthritis 2.9 ± 1.0 2.8 ± 1.0 3.6 ± 0.6 Takes too much time 3.0 ± 0.7 2.9 ± 0.7 3.3 ± 0.6 Boring 3.3 ± 0.6 3.0 ± 0.8 3.3 ± 0.7 Increase physical fitness 3.2 ± 0.6 3.0 ± 0.6 3.3 ± 0.6 Increase stamina 3.2 ± 0.6 3.1 ± 0.5 3.4 ± 0.7 Family does not encourage 2.7 ± 0.9 2.7 ± 0.9 3.1 ± 0.8 Carry out activities without tiring 3.0 ± 0.7 2.9 ± 0.7 3.2 ± 0.7 Improve body function 2.9 ± 0.7 2.8 ± 0.7 3.1 ± 0.7 Conclusion: Physical improvement was the main reason to exercise. Lack of desire and health problems were the chief reasons named for not exercising. Addressing the benefits and barriers may improve exercise participation among chronic hemodialysis patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".