A late-Holocene record of loess deposition in ice-wedge polygons reflecting wind activity and ground moisture conditions, Bylot Island, eastern Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On Bylot Island, a field of tundra polygons at the margin of a glacial outwash plain contains a well-preserved syngenetic permafrost sequence of ground ice and alternating loess and organic layers that was accumulated during the late Holocene. Periods of increased deposition of loess alternated with periods of growth of bryophytes during the last 3500 years. These shifts in soil accretion regime are interpreted in terms of significant shifts of the summer surface wind conditions and active layer moisture regime (Precipitation-Evaporation or P-E), in response to regional climatic variations and recurrent changes of atmospheric circulation. There was a high level of variability and large amplitude of the P-E regime and summer surface wind conditions on a decennial and secular timescale in general. However, according to the Greenland GISP2 bi-decennial oxygen isotopes data, there was a low variability and amplitude (by a few degrees centigrade or less) of the regional mean annual air temperature. From 2950 to 2750 cal. BP, the summer climate was warmer and had the strongest and most frequent northwesterly surface winds of the late Holocene. Shifts to a weaker northwesterly summer surface wind activity preceded the dryer episodes that occurred from 2750 to 2450 and around 1850 cal. BP. Major wetter episodes occurred from 2450 to 2350, around 2050, from 1750 to 1550, from 1350 to 1150 and from 550 to 250 cal. BP. There is no clear relationship between P-E or summer surface wind regimes and air temperatures. Shifts of late Holocene summer aeolian regime can probably be better explained by the recurrence of particular synoptic circulation types in response to changes in the position of the atmospheric eastern Canadian Polar Trough.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".