Evaluation of Central Vein Sizes in Patients with Autogenous Hemodialysis Fistulas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To quantify diameters of central vein segments in patients with autogenous hemodialysis fistulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of patients within the last year who underwent arterial venous fistula assessment identified 218 patients. Of these, 32 also had computed tomography (CT) of the thorax performed from which venous sizes could be ascertained. Measurements in the axial plane (diameter) of the central veins were obtained from calibrated DICOM images. Additional demographic information including age, sex, and location of the fistula were also acquired to determine whether there was any correlation of these factors with the vein diameters. Variables were compared using the unpaired t test. RESULTS: There were 21 and 11 patients with left-sided and right-sided fistulas, respectively, with a mean age of 61.1 years. There was no statistically significant difference (P<.05) found between the diameter when comparing men to women (P=.93 to .22) or patient ages less than or greater than 70 years old (P=.95 to .11). The only statistically significant difference observed was when the fistula was located in the left arm, with the left axillary vein being larger than the right (11.4 ± 0.6 and 8.4 ± 0.6 respectively P=.003). The remaining vessels showed no statistically significant difference in size with respect to the fistula location (P=.75 to .07). CONCLUSIONS: The left axillary vein is significantly larger in patients who have a fistula located in the left arm compared to the right. Central vein sizes measured by CT correlate with sizes measured angiographically in prior retrospective studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".