Fault bars and fluctuating asymmetry in birds: are the two measures correlated?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT As bio-indicators, bilateral asymmetry and fault bar formation have been found to be correlated with environmental quality, body condition, and individual fitness. Although commonly used as indices of the same parameters, it is not clear whether asymmetry and fault bars are equivalent measures of developmental history. We tested the possible relationship between these two metrics by measuring the degree of asymmetry and the number of fault bars in the wing and tail feathers of migrating White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) at Long Point Bird Observatory on Lake Erie, Ontario, during October 2004. Within individuals, we found no relationship between the occurrence of fault bars and degree of bilateral asymmetry. In addition, individuals with higher fat scores had more symmetrical wings than individuals with lower scores, but did not have fewer fault bars. Together, these results suggest that fluctuating asymmetry and fault bar occurrence should not be used interchangeably as bio-indicators. Como bioindicadores, se ha encontrado que la asimetría bilateral y fallas en la formación de barras están correlacionadas con la calidad del medioambiente, condición corporal y el grado de aptitud del individuo. Aunque comunmente los mencionados han sido utilizados como índices, no esta claro si la asimetría y los desperfectos en las barras son medidas equivalentes como parte de la historia del desarrollo. Tratamos de probar la posible relación entre los dos parametros midiendo el grado de asimetría y el número de fallas en las barras de las plumas del ala y el rabo de individuos migratorios de Zonotrichia albicollis. El estudio se llevo a cabo en el Obsevatorio Long Point del Lago Erie, Ontario, durante octubre de 2004. En los individuos estudiados, no encontramos relación entre la presencia de faltas en las barras y la asimetría bilateral. En individuos con altos contenidos de grasa almacenada, hubo mayor simetría en las alas que en individuos con marcas baja de grasa, pero estos no tenían menos fallas en las barras. Estos resultados sugieren que las fluctuaciones asimétricas y la presencia de fallas en las barras no se deben intercambiar como bioindicadores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".