Metropolitan Governance in the Federalist Americas: Strategies for Equitable and Integrated Development, edited by Peter K. Spink, Peter M. Ward, and Robert H. Wilson.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book takes on the ambitious task of examining what the authors call the “effectiveness of governance systems” in the large metropolitan areas of the federalist Americas: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela. Although sharing federal constitutions, the nature of federalism differs significantly in these countries, as the authors acknowledge. Canada, the United States, and Brazil offer more decentralized systems, whereas Mexico, Argentina, and Venezuela have more centralized features. These features provide for interesting comparisons as the authors examine metropolitan government and governance features in each. The central question being pursued, as the authors state it, is whether “current and emerging initiatives and structures of governance are capable of meeting the challenges of collective life in these large and complex metropolitan areas” (p. 3) as represented by the countries studied. An examination of metropolitan governance and its effectiveness in federal systems is particularly relevant, the authors argue, because in federal systems lower levels of government typically have more constitutional autonomy than in unitary systems. It is in federal systems, consequently, that subnational governments may engage more formally and more readily in intergovernmental collaborative relationships and where such arrangements may be created offering viable and effective governance opportunities. Key to their analysis is the extent of democratization (citizen involvement) and decentralization (governance capacity) found to exist among the metropolitan areas included in their study. And, as the authors put it, their concern is not only with how citizens are engaged in the governance process, but whether such processes are actually improving the lives of citizens. Thus, their central research questions becomes, “whether the current and emerging initiatives and structures of governance are capable of meeting the challenges of collective life in these large and complex metropolitan areas” (p. 34).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".