Bibliographic record
Abstract
The author, Richard W. Richards, was a 22-year-old Australian scientist attached to the Ross Sea Party sent to Antarctica in support of Ernest Shackleton's 1914 -17 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.His book, a personal journal, was first published by the Scott Polar Institute in 1962, more than 40 years after Richards and his teammates were marooned in the Antarctic for two years.The short introduction provides only a glimpse of the Antarctic expeditions preceding Shackleton's Trans-Antarctic Expedition.Even so, the reader will quickly recognize the British approach to polar exploration during the so-called Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration: the dreadful man-hauling of heavy sledges, inadequate rations, scurvy, haphazard planning, and the reluctant use of skis and dogs.As Richards points out, the onset of scurvy was more or less constant with Scott in 1901 and 1912, with Shackleton in 1908, and with the author's own party in 1915 -16.Shackleton's plans for the Trans-Antarctic Expedition were fairly straightforward: the main party under Shackleton's leadership was to proceed to the Antarctic on the Endurance.From the shores of the Weddell Sea, Shackleton and a small party would attempt a transcontinental sled journey (man-hauling) across the South Pole to the Ross Sea.Concerned that not enough provisions could be transported that far, Shackleton had decided to send a second ship, the Aurora, with a shore party, to McMurdo Sound in the Ross Sea.The shore party was instructed to place food depots every 60 miles as far south as Mount Hope at the foot of the Beardmore Glacier, lat.83˚37' S, a distance of some 360 miles.Following the introduction, the author describes the 40year-old former sealing vessel that brought the expedition to the Ross Sea.The Aurora had been built in Dundee and was more or less a sister ship to another famous Dundee vessel, Terra Nova, used by Scott on his last Antarctic expedition.The Aurora had seen service in both the Arctic and the Antarctic.In 1884, she was involved, unsuccessfully, in a race to rescue the Adolphus Greely party and reap the promised reward.In 1911, the Aurora was used by the Douglas Mawson Australian Expedition.By 1914, however, the ship was well past her prime.Leaking and overloaded, she left Hobart on Christmas morning after three days of what is described as mass confusion and a frantic rush to get ready.Eighteen dogs were the last addition to the cluttered deck load consisting of petrol, coal, sheep, and odds and ends.On January 7, the party sighted the Admiralty Range flanking the western shores of the Ross Sea.The following day they made out the snowy tip of Mount Erebus on Ross Island, the "promised
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".