Spectral reflectance characteristics of <i>Pinus radiata</i> needles affected by dothistroma needle blight
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dothistroma needle blight, caused by Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog) Morelet, is an economically significant disease of several Pinus species in New Zealand, Australia, Chile, South Africa, and parts of Asia, North America, and Europe. The spectral reflectance properties of Pinus radiata D. Don needles infected by D. septosporum were examined over the visible and near-infrared wavelength region (4001000 nm). The largest reflectance difference occurred on the shoulder of the near-infrared region at 763 nm. Wavelengths of greatest sensitivity to D. septosporum infection were located in the ranges of 675691 nm, followed by wavelengths near 760 and 550 nm. Sensitivity minima occurred at 434, 493, 506, 709, and 1373 nm. The reflectance ratio best correlated to needle damage was 709/691 nm (r = 0.739, P < 0.001). Among the other reflectance indices tested, an index based on wavelengths of the upper red edge (710740 nm) was also well correlated (r = 0.730, P < 0.001). There was not a strong linear relationship between the point of maximum slope in the red edge region (red edge position) and needle damage category. This may be because D. septosporum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen producing a complex series of damage symptoms: initial chlorosis, production of red and brown metabolites, rapid loss of cellular integrity, cell necrosis, and eventual desiccation. Diagnostic features identified in the infected needle spectra may contribute to the formulation of remotely sensed spectral indices for detecting and monitoring dothistroma needle blight in plantations.Key words: Dothistroma, Pinus radiata, needle damage, reflectance spectra, remote sensing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".