Chemical size distributions of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemical size distributions of aerosols were measured using a 12‐stage low‐pressure impactor over the Atlantic Ocean in November–December 1999 and at an Antarctic site, Aboa, in January 2000. In the polluted latitudes north of the equator, particles were neutral in all sizes but accumulation mode was acidic in the clean areas. Chloride depletion was analyzed in detail. In most areas, chloride depletion could be explained by replacement by sulfate, nitrate, and methane sulfonate. In Antarctica the chloride losses increased in all size ranges and the contribution of each anion to the chloride depletion varied with increasing air mass residence time over continental Antarctica. The modal structure of the size distributions of ionic compounds was analyzed. The modes derived from chemical mass size distributions were compared with modes obtained from number size distributions. The modes of non‐sea‐salt sulfate and MSA were very similar suggesting that these particles were internally mixed. The nitrate mass modes were closer to the sea salt surface modes than the sea salt mass modes, suggesting that nitrate was on the surface of sea salt particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".