Potent Protective Effects of Melatonin on Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Experimental biochemical, behavioral, and histologic investigations of spinal cord injury in rats. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of melatonin, a pineal hormone, in compression ischemic-induced spinal cord injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The implication of activated neutrophils in the worsening of spinal cord injury has been shown. Melatonin was shown to play an important role in protecting animal cells from neutrophil-induced toxicity and damage by free radicals. There is no report on using melatonin for spinal cord injury. METHODS: Spinal cord injury was induced by placing 25 g of weight extradurally on the rat spinal cord at T12 for 20 minutes. The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Sham rats had only laminectomy. Melatonin rats were injected with melatonin (2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (intraperitoneal) five times: at 5 minutes, then 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after the injury. Correspondingly, the control rats were injected with saline. Measured levels of lipid peroxidation estimated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the accumulation of leukocytes at the site of trauma, which were evaluated by measuring tissue myeloperoxidase activity. The recovery was assessed by using three clinical scoring systems, and histologic changes of the damaged spinal cord were examined. RESULTS: The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in the spinal cord increased after the injury, with two peaks (at 1 and 4 hours), and nitrogen mustard-induced leukocytopenia significantly attenuated the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in four 4 after injury. Also in these 4 hours, myeloperoxidase activity increased and melatonin injection reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content and myeloperoxidase activity, which attenuated the motor deficits as well. Histologic findings showed that the melatonin group had less cavity formation than the control group. CONCLUSION: Results showed that injection of melatonin reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content and myeloperoxidase activity, facilitating recovery of the damaged spinal cord.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".