Recognition of Langue des Signes Québécoise in Eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This contribution addresses language policy and planning (LPP) for sign languages (SL) in Canada, focusing on the situation of Langue des signes québécoise (LSQ) in the east, particularly in Quebec and Ontario. Drawing on papers from the deaf press, government and scientific reports, legislation, experiments, surveys, social services, and official educational programs, we present an overview of the distribution of SLs across Canada, which has two legitimate SLs: American Sign Language (ASL) and LSQ. This characterization includes a description of educational policies and focuses on the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. We also describe the actions undertaken by Canadian Deaf communities and their arguments in support of the official recognition of SL, with an emphasis on education. We provide a detailed account of what has been achieved in terms of the government's response to these efforts (e.g., implementation of an LSQ-French bilingual program in Ottawa and Montreal deaf schools). Finally, we offer a critical look at SL policies and discuss issues surrounding the (non)recognition of SL in deaf education.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".