On understanding variation in immune expression of the damselflies <i>Lestes</i> spp.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immune ability and immune expression have been viewed as life-history traits that are influenced by such factors as the likelihood of being parasitized, intensity and costs of parasitism, and trade-offs associated with immune expression. In this paper we show that different patterns of infestation by a generalist ectoparasite, Arrenurus planus Marshall (Arrenuridae: Hydrachnida), do not fully explain the variation in immune expression across four species of sympatric damselflies (Lestidae: Zygoptera). Within species, no gender biases in immune expression were evident. Whereas both males and females of one oft-exploited species did not mount immune responses against attending larval mites, males and females of three other species showed similar immune responses, with variable expression. The immune response was melanotic encapsulation of mite feeding tubes, and was associated with dead mites. Of the three species showing immune expression, the species with the highest prevalence and intensity of infestation had a significantly higher proportion of individuals responding immunologically to mites. In conclusion, current infestation levels only partially predict immune investment; consideration of the timing of emergence of different species suggests that season may be an important predictor of immune investment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".