RELEASE OF SILVER IN BLOOD AND TISSUES FROM SILVER COATED CATHETERS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silver-coated catheters are clinically used for antibacterial properties of the metal. However, risk of silver toxicity on long term use is not proven. Thus, our objective was to study of release of silver in blood and pericatheter tissues after long term placement of silver-coated catheters in a rabbit model.We implanted surgically silver-coated peritoneal catheter segments (5cm/2) in each rabbit accross the spine of 9 NZW rabbits at Day 0 and divided in 3 groups of 3 rabbits each. The rabbits were followed for a total period of 60 days and sacrificed at Day 14 (n=3), Day 30(n=3) and Day 60(n=3).Blood and pericatheter tissue samples were collected at sacrifice and were analyzed for silver. Histological examination of the tissues were also done.Control experiments were done by similar procedures in rabbits with non-coated catheters. Silver levels(ug/L) in blood of rabbits with silver catheters were low (2.5±0.4, 2.1± 0, 1.8± 0.5 at Day 14,30, 60 respectively) compared to gradual rise in silver levels (ug/L) from pericatheter tissue segments (2.5 ±0.6, 24.33±3.3, 27.5± 8.8) at Day14, 30 and 60 respectively. Silver like particles in corresponding tissues were also noted by histological examination and confirmed to be silver particles by EM energy dispersion X-ray analysis.Silver was absent in tissues and insignificant amount in blood samples (0 -7ug/L) of control rabbits.We conclude that higher levels of silver are released in pericatheter tissues compared to blood; however, the levels are not in the toxic range.Further refinement in silver-coating technology is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".