TGFβ1 regulates endothelial cell spreading and hypertrophy through a Rac—p38‐mediated pathway
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: TGFbeta (transforming growth factor beta) is a multifunctional cytokine and a potent regulator of cell growth, migration and differentiation in many cell types. In the vascular system, TGFbeta plays crucial roles in vascular remodelling, but the signalling pathways involved remain poorly characterized. RESULTS: Using the model of porcine aortic endothelial cells, we demonstrated that TGFbeta stimulates cellular spreading when cells are on collagen I. TGFbeta-stimulated Rac1-GTP accumulation, which was associated with increased MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of a dominant-negative Rac mutant, or treatment of the cells with the p38 pharmacological inhibitor SB203580, abrogated TGFbeta-induced cell spreading. Our results demonstrate for the first time that prolonged exposure to TGFbeta stimulates endothelial cell hypertrophy and flattening. Collectively, these data indicate that TGFbeta-induced cell spreading and increase in cell surface areas occurs via a Rac-p38-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The Rac-p38 pathway may have conceptual implications in pathophysiological endothelial cell responses to TGFbeta, such as wound healing or development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it