Inland habitat associations of Marbled Murrelets on southwest Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used a combination of standardized audio-visual surveys, made over nine years, and vegetation analysis to determine habitat associations of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) breeding in inland coniferous forests. Our study, in Carmanah-Walbran watersheds on southwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, covered extensive contiguous tracts (>16,000 ha) of apparently suitable habitat that supported a large breeding population of murrelets, a threatened species. Indicators of stand occupancy (circling and subcanopy flights) from audio-visual surveys were consistently associated with known nest habitat indicators (availability of platform limbs, cover and thickness of epiphytes on tree limbs, variable canopy structure). Both murrelet detections and nest microhabitat indicators were associated with a suite of macrohabitat variables, indicating that the most suitable habitat was low-elevation old-growth forest with widely spaced large trees. Biogeoclimatic productivity units, based on soil moisture and nutrient regimes, were useful proxies of habitat suitability, but tree species composition, timber volume, and tree height, variables commonly available in timber inventory maps, were not. Using two principle component factors derived from habitat characteristics, we clustered the 27 survey stations into three groups that differed significantly in occupied and subcanopy detections of murrelets and in nest habitat indicators. This is a useful method for combining multivariate measures for classifying and mapping habitat for murrelets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".