Floquet calculations of ionization of the molecular hydrogen ion by intense laser fields in the low-frequency limit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coupled-channel Floquet equations in both length and velocity gauges are solved in a pseudospectral representation to analyse ionization of the lowest two electronic states of the H + ion by strong continuous laser fields. A complex absorbing potential is used to obtain Siegert-type solutions resulting in accurate resonance positions and widths. The roles of two possible ionization mechanisms, tunnel ionization and resonance excitation multi-photon ionization are explored. The ionization rates of the lower and upper states, which correspond to gerade and ungerade states in the field-free case are investigated as a function of internuclear separation R. The previously investigated double-peak structure at ω = 0.0428 au is studied systematically as ω is decreased towards zero to understand how it relates to a similar structure in the dc limit. It is shown that the connection is not straightforward, since the ionization rates for the two states do mix strongly as ω is reduced for both peak regions. The mixing becomes pronounced even for the first peak around R = 5 au when ω< 0.02 au. For the outer peak around R = 9.5 au, we find that the rates for the upper and lower states become the same at ω = 0.01 au and correspond to 10‐15% of the upper-state rate in the dc limit. An increase in laser intensity from 1.0 × 10 14 to 2.0 × 10 14 Wc m −2 results in a similar outer peak with an about seven-fold increase in the ionization rate. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".