Nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the motility of isolated longitudinal muscle of proximal colon in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol on colon motility in rats and to test the possibility that nitric oxide (NO) mediates this effect. Proximal colon longitudinal muscle strips (LM) (8 x 3 mm) cut parallel to the longitudinal muscle fibres of the colon were isolated and mounted in an organ bath. Ethanol (0.57, 0.87 and 1.30 mmol L(-1)) dose-dependently inhibited the motility of LM. Longitudinal muscle strips from female rats were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of ethanol than that from male rats. L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) (100 micromol L(-1)), AG (aminoguanidine) (10 micromol L(-1)), ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) (10 micromol L(-1)) and PTIO (2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide) (200 micromol L(-1)) partly blocked the inhibitory effect of ethanol on LM. Pretreatment with L-NAME, AG, ODQ and PTIO abolished the sex difference of the inhibitory effect of ethanol on LM. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10 micromol L(-1)) partly blocked the inhibitory effect but did not influence the sex difference. The relaxation of LM induced by SNP (sodium nitroprusside) (0.1-10 micromol L(-1)) in female rats was greater than that in male rats. In conclusion, ethanol inhibited the colon motility in vitro. This inhibitory effect on LM was mediated by NO through the iNOS - NO - cGMP pathway.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".