Catenins in the Rat Epididymis: Their Expression and Regulation in Adulthood and during Postnatal Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tight and adhering junctions are important in maintaining the integrity of the epididymal epithelium and formation of the blood epididymal barrier, which are crucial for sperm maturation and storage. The composition of the catenin-adhering junctional family of proteins and their relationship with tight junctions remain to be established in the epididymis. In the normal adult rat epididymis, immunostaining for three anticatenin antibodies (alpha, beta-, and p120ctn) was noted along the lateral plasma membranes (LPM) between adjacent epithelial cells. Although alpha-catenin and beta-catenin were maximally expressed in the corpus and cauda epididymis, p120 expression was intense and similar in all epididymal regions. Bilateral orchidectomy of adult rats indicated that the expression of p120 at the LPM was not altered compared with that in control animals. On the other hand, staining at the LPM for alpha- and beta-catenin was markedly reduced, concomitant with an increased cytoplasmic reaction in each epididymal region. As the staining pattern for alpha- and beta-catenin returned to that seen in control animals after testosterone supplementation, it is suggested that their localization and targeting to the LPM are regulated by androgens. This is confirmed by postnatal studies in which maximal expression at the LPM for each catenin occurs by d 49, when androgen levels are adult-like. Immunolocalization of zona occludens-1 along with immunoprecipitation of epididymal homogenates of the initial segment/caput region of the epididymis revealed that zona occludens-1 is an integral part of the adhering junctional complex in young rats and coprecipitates with beta-catenin at the level of the apical tight junctions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".