A simple method for identifying bubbling/jetting regimes transition from large submerged orifices using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The bubbling–jetting transition regimes from large orifice submerged in water were investigated for various orifice diameters. A simple and fast way for identifying the regime transition was successfully developed using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). In all the experiments deionised water was liquid phase and air was gas phase. Orifice gas velocity ( V N ) and orifice diameter ( d o ) were varied from 0.8 to 186 m/s and 4–21 mm, respectively. It was found that the V N,trans. strongly depends on the orifice diameter. In the small orifice diameter ( d o < 10 mm), V N,trans. greatly decreases with the increase of orifice diameter. However, in the large orifice diameter ( d o > 10 mm), the effect of orifice diameter on the transition velocity is insignificant. Finally, the data obtained by ECT compares with other works and the dimensionless orifice Reynolds number (Re o ∼11,000) is preferred to identify the bubbling–jetting transition regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".