Local cold acclimation during exercise and its effect on neuromuscular function of the hand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most acclimation research is performed on resting individuals, whereas in real life, cold exposure is often accompanied by physical activity. We examined the effects of 2 weeks of repeated cold exposure of the hand with or without an elevated core temperature from exercise on neuromuscular function of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle and manual performance of the hand. The experimental group (4 female, 6 male; age, 25.1 +/- 6.9 y) cooled their hands in 8 degrees C water for 30 min daily while cycling (50% of heart rate reserve); the control group (4 female, 4 male; age, 25.1 +/- 5.7 y) remained still. Manual function testing consisted of tactile sensitivity, grip strength, manual dexterity, and evoked twitch force in a custom-made myograph. Thermal sensation, skin temperature of index finger (Tif) and hand (Tfdi), as well as rectal temperature (Tre), were recorded daily. Tre increased significantly during bicycling, by 0.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C. Minimal Tif and Tfdi of the groups combined increased significantly during exposure days from 8.7 +/- 0.7 degrees C and 12.4 +/- 2.8 degrees C to 10.1 +/- 1.3 degrees C and 15.0 +/- 3.0 degrees C, respectively (p=0.04), with no significant difference between groups. Thermal ratings improved significantly on exposure days. Manual function was impaired with cooling, but with no significant difference between groups or across time. Deterioration of twitch characteristics with cooling did not change with repeated cold exposure. Although the increasing core temperature during cold water immersion changed the acute temperature response and thermal ratings, it had no effect on local cold acclimation or manual function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".