CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO HIGH INENSITY EXERCISE FOLLOWING A SPORT INDUCED CONCUSSION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cardiovascular response to exercise of a concussed athlete, who is asymptomatic at rest, has not yet been explored. PURPOSE To determine if the cardiovascular response to high intensity exercise is different in concussed athletes who are recently asymptomatic at rest. METHODS Junior B ice hockey players (n=14) who were deemed to have sustained a concussion as per the assessment made by team trainers, participated in this study. The concussed athletes performed a cycle ergometer exercise protocol within 72 hours of being asymptomatic at rest, and a second test at 5 days following the previous assessment. Matched controls (n=14) participated in the same time line. The exercise protocol was designed to reflect the high intensity interval activity observed in the sport of ice hockey. Five-minute samples of resting electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected at 30 minutes prior to and following exercise. A 3 lead configuration was used to record ECG data, sampled at a frequency of 976 Hz. ECG data samples were analyzed for differences in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability. A concussion symptomatology questionnaire was also administered before and immediately after exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The concussed athletes had a significantly higher HR post exercise at the first testing session than their matched controls (p < 0.05). A significant rise in variability of the normal-to-normal intervals pre-exercise was also observed in the concussed athletes, from the first follow-up testing session to the second. However, the symptomatology of the concussed athletes pre and post exercise, across both testing session did not differ from their matched controls. CONCLUSION The data supports the suggestion that the cardiovascular response to intense exercise differs in concussed athletes despite being asymptomatic at rest. The specific differences in HR and heart rate variability observed in these athletes suggest an alteration in autonomic function. Supported by CIHR Grant CAR 43276
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".