Metastasis of Oropharyngeal Carcinoma to the Site of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: Literature Review
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are relatively uncommon. PEG site metastases are iatrogenic complications of PEG tube placement. The literature search revealed only a few descriptions of tumor implantation at the PEG site. The patient is a 62-year-old male with a history of alcoholism and tobacco abuse. He was diagnosed with stage IV (T4 N2M0) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the piriform recess. A PEG tube was placed and he underwent wide resection of aerodigestive tract. One year later, the patient mentioned a granulation tissue forming around the tube site. An en bloc resection of the abdominal wall was performed. The postoperative histopathological findings were in accordance with the diagnosis of SCC. Herein, an extremely rare case of metastasis of an oropharyngeal cancer at a PEG stoma is described . Multiple theories of metastatic spread have been proposed. T he mean time to PEG site implantation was 8 months after insertion. In patients of whom the interval between PEG placement and diagn osis of metastasis was 1 ye ar, Douglas et al concluded that hem atogenous spread is less likely than direct implantation of cells. The exact mechanism of abdominal wall metastasis in our patient still remains unclear. In our case, the time to PEG site implantation was 1 year and lymph nodes were invaded before PEG placement (T4 N2M0). Metastatic cancer should be evoked when skin changes at the PEG site in patients with head-and-neck cancer. J Curr Surg. 2014;4(2):46-48 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcs223w
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it