The Effect of Stem Circumferential Grooves on the Stability at the Implant-Cement Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The application of stem surface treatments and finishes are common methods for improving stem-cement interface stability in joint replacement systems; however, success of these surfaces has been variable. As opposed to applying a treatment or finish, altering stem design through changing the surface topography of the base stem material may offer some advantages. This study compared the effect of stem circumferential grooving on the torsional and axial stability of cemented stems. Fifteen metal stems were machined from cobalt chrome to have smooth (n = 5) or circumferential-grooved surfaces, where groove depth and spacing was either 0.6 mm (n = 5) or 1.1 mm (n = 5). Stems were potted in aluminum tubes using bone cement, left 24 h to cure, and placed in a materials testing machine for testing using a cyclic staircase loading protocol at 1.5 Hz. All stems were tested independently in compression and torsion on separate testing days, using the same stems repotted with new cement. Motion of the stem was tracked, and failure was defined either as rapid increase in stem motion, or completion of the loading protocol. Statistical analysis was used to compare interface strength and stem motion prior to failure. Grooved stems demonstrated increased interface strength (p < 0.001) and reduced motion (p < 0.01) compared to smooth stems under compression. In torsion, no significant difference was found in strength among the grooved and smooth stems (p = 0.10); however, grooved 1.1 mm demonstrated greatest interface motion prior to catastrophic failure (p < 0.01). Overall, circumferential-grooved stems offered improved stability under compression, and comparable stability in torsion, relative to the smooth stems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".