Reaction Kinetics of CO<sub>2</sub> in Aqueous 1-Amino-2-Propanol, 3-Amino-1-Propanol, and Dimethylmonoethanolamine Solutions in the Temperature Range of 298−313 K Using the Stopped-Flow Technique
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants ( k o ) for the reactions between CO 2 and 1-amino-2-propanol (1-AP), 3-amino-1-propanol (3-AP), and dimethylmonoethanolamine (DMMEA) have been measured using the stopped-flow technique in aqueous solutions at 298, 303, 308, and 313 K. The alkanolamine concentrations ranged from 25.3 to 82.0 mol·m -3 for 1-AP, 27.0 to 60.7 mol·m -3 for 3-AP, and 304.0 to 984.8 mol·m -3 for DMMEA. The zwitterion mechanism was used to correlate the experimentally obtained rate constants. Both the zwitterion formation step and the proton-removal step played a significant role for 1-AP and 3-AP. The reaction rate of CO 2 in the aqueous-3-AP solution was found to be faster than that in aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA). The absorption rate of CO 2 in the latter was faster than that in aqueous 1-AP solution under the conditions studied. The reaction rate of CO 2 in DMMEA was higher than that in methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) but not in diethyl-monoethanolamine (DEMEA). The base catalysis of the CO 2 hydration mechanism could explain the reaction between CO 2 and DMMEA, a tertiary amine.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it