Polymorphism of the L1 Capsid Gene and Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Type 52 Infection in Women at High Risk or Infected by HIV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HIV-seropositive women are at increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which causes high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). HPV-52 is a frequent HPV type in Canadian HIV-seropositive women. Because variations of the capsid gene, designated the L1 gene, could elicit immune responses that result in different efficiencies in eliminating HPV, we described HPV-52 polymorphism and assessed whether it was associated with HPV-52 persistence in 114 women at risk or infected by HIV. Nonsynonymous variations were more frequent in the 5 putative hypervariable regions (exposed loops of L1 protein) (10 [3.2%] variations over 311 nucleotides) than in nonvariable regions (4 [0.3%] variations over 1278 nucleotides; P < 0.0001). Synonymous variations were distributed evenly between hypervariable regions (10 [3.2%] variations over 311 nucleotides) and nonvariable regions (46 [3.6%] variations over 1278 nucleotides; P = 0.88). Nonprototype (nonreference) L1 variants were detected more frequently in women of African descent (24 [60.0%] of 40 women) than in white women (23 [37.1%] of 62 women, odds ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 5.81; P = 0.03). In contrast to previous findings that polymorphism in the long control region (LCR) was associated with HPV-52 persistence, L1 capsid variations were not associated with persistence (P = 0.45). L1 variations are unlikely to predispose to HPV-52 persistence and thus do not help to identify women at greater risk for HSILs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".