On the Contact of Liquid Nickel with Tungsten Carbide or Boron Carbide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMCs), consisting of a ceramic reinforcing phase combined with a tough metal matrix can be applied to steel substrates as wear coatings. The processing behaviour of two nickel matrix MMC's is investigated: Ni-WC and Ni-B4C. Experiments were designed and carried out where WC or B4C was added to molten nickel. The temperature range was from 1773 to 1973 K, with times of contact between ceramic and nickel ranging from less than one minute to over 30 minutes. The nominal addition of WC ranged from a molar ratio (Ni:ceramic) of 4.2 to 167.0 while B4C additions varied from about 1 to 94. The melt was sampled following the addition of the ceramic. Analysis techniques included chemical analysis, optical microscopy, electron microprobe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. In the Ni-WC system, a portion of WC reacted resulting in tungsten dissolution into the nickel. Reactions in the Ni-B4C system produced nickel borides, principally Ni3B in the form of a eutectic with nickel and primary nickel dendrites. No B4C was detected in any of the samples utilizing the aforementioned test methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".