Neutrophils and macrophages accumulate sequentially following Achilles tendon injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Structural damage and inflammation occur following tendon injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of inflammatory cell accumulation in two animal models of acute tendinopathy. In the first model, rat Achilles tendons were exposed by blunt dissection, injected with collagenase and sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. In the second model, collagenase was injected percutaneously and rats were sacrificed after 1 and 3 days. Sham animals were sacrificed at 1 and 3 days in both models. Neutrophil and ED1 macrophage populations increased by 46- and 18-fold, respectively, after 1 day in surgically exposed Achilles tendons (EAT) injected with collagenase. Neutrophils dropped by 70% while the concentration of ED1 macrophages remained constant at day 3 post-injury. Neutrophils and ED1+ macrophages returned to control values after 7 and 14 days, respectively. ED2+ macrophages showed a tendency to increase at day 28 although no significant difference was observed relative to ambulatory controls. Collagenase injected percutaneously reduced the extent of inflammation compared with operated animals. Thus, injured tendons exhibited a specific sequence of inflammatory cell accumulation which varied in intensity according to the modality used for collagenase injection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".