Walking with functional electrical stimulation and unlocking braces in thoracic-level paraplegia
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Walking was tested in 4 people with thoracic-level paraplegia using stimulation of quadriceps muscles, the flexor reflex and unlocking knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFO). Heart rate, speed, distance, kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured while subjects walked using a walker. None of the subjects could walk without the system; all could walk continuously for at least 4 minutes with it. Joint angles and some other kinematic features resembled normal walking, but the walking was too slow (average speed: 3.8 m/min.) and too demanding (heart rate: 128 b/min; physiological cost index: 15 b/m) to be practical. Subjects supported about 1/3 of their weight with their arms during stance and about 2/3 during swing. Our results suggest that the braces reduced the effort needed and that the low speeds were due to both a lack of power at push-off and the time needed to stabilize the hip and trunk. The high heart rates arose from excessive contraction of the arm and trunk muscles for balance and propulsion.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it