A Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) Site Located in a Hypersensitive Region of the FGF16 Gene Locus Is Required for Preferential Promoter Activity in Neonatal Cardiac Myocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 16 (FGF16) is preferentially expressed in the heart after birth, suggesting its regulation is associated with tissue-specific chromatin remodeling and DNA-protein interactions. Here we have mapped the transcription initiation site of murine FGF16 to approximately 1.1 kilobases (kb) upstream of the translation start codon (ATG). Hybrid reporter genes directed by about 4.7 kb of upstream FGF16 DNA were expressed specifically in transfected neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, as well as in the heart of transgenic mice. A DNaseI hypersensitive site was mapped to a region about 1.2 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site in heart but not kidney tissue, and a nuclease protection assay gave evidence of a cardiac-specific protein-DNA interaction in this region. Deletion analysis indicated that a hybrid gene with 1205 bp but not 1054 bp of upstream DNA directed FGF16 promoter activity in transfected neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. We identified a putative myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2)-binding site at nucleotides -1159/-1148, confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and MEF2 antibody binding. Mutation of the MEF2 site resulted in a blunting of FGF16 promoter activity in transfected neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. These data suggest that chromatin remodeling and MEF2 binding in the FGF16 promoter contribute to expression in the postnatal heart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".