Extraction, Separation and Identification of Chemical Ingredients of Elephantopus Scaber L. Using Factorial Design of Experiment
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soxhlet extraction technique is employed for the extraction and separation of chemical constituents in the medicinalplant, Elephantopus scaber L. The effect of parameters, such as different parts of the plant (leaves, roots and stems),extraction time and types of solvent (n-hexane and methanol) on the extracted yield and the percentage of extractionwere investigated. The design of experiment was done using factorial design. The data were analyzed using ANOVA aswell as factorial design. The experimental results show that the methanol is better than n-hexane but an extraction timeof 9 hours was required for stems and roots while 12 hours for leaves. Essential crude of Elephantopus scaber L.obtained by Soxhlet extraction was further analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection to identify thechemical ingredients of the plant and used as a standard in the qualitative analysis for certain chemical compoundsbased on the retention time on the chromatogram. Six compounds such as stigmasterol, lupeol, stearic acid,deoxyelephantopin isomers, analogue 1 and analogue 2 of deoxyelephantopin have been identified. Oven temperatureprogram of gas chromatography has been developed in this research. The results obtained, enable one to makequalitative and quantitative analysis for the essential oil which was extracted from the herbal plant. Maximumextraction conditions of the stigmasterol and lupeol were determined by comparing the area percentage below the peakin chromatogram with the GCMS standard. Stigmasterol: 6 hours extraction time using n-hexane and stems show thehighest area percentage (8.145%). Lupeol: 9 hours extraction time using n-hexane and stems show the highest areapercentage (68.580%).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it