Large-scale fabrication of a simple cubic metal-oxide photonic crystal for light-trapping applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large-scale fabrication of a TiO2 three-dimensional photonic crystal with simple cubic (SC) geometry was demonstrated using semiconductor-processing techniques in a layer-by-layer method. Full exposure of 100 mm double-side polished silicon and fused silica wafers was performed using deep-UV projection lithography with a 1 cm2 field size, and a four-layer TiO2/air crystal of lattice pitch a=450 nm was successfully realized. The authors have computed the iso-frequency surfaces (IFS) for this structure and for another, which is to be examined in a future work. The latter will consist of a TiO2 SC photonic crystal for which the air regions are filled in with luminescent material of refractive index n=1.5. The IFS indicate that our TiO2 photonic crystal is capable of supporting parallel-to-interface refraction modes for normalized frequency as high as ∼1.0, and that these modes will persist should the dielectric contrast be lowered via infiltration of the air region. For characterization, integrating sphere reflection measurements were performed, and the results are compared with those obtained from finite-difference time-domain simulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".