Preparation of Poly(1-vinylimidazole)-Grafted Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Application for Removal of Metal Ions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poly(1-vinylimidazole) with a trimethoxysilyl terminal group (Im n ) was synthesized by telomerization of 1-vinylimidazole. The degree of polymerization ( n ) was determined by 1 H NMR to be 18. The Im 18 with reactive silane terminal group was grafted directly onto nanosize magnetic particles (maghemite, γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) through siloxane bonds to produce polymer-grafted magnetic nanocomposite particles (Mag-Im 18 ). The amount of polymer anchored on the particle was estimated by elemental analysis to be 5 wt %. The surface coverage of imidazolyl groups was estimated to be 0.44 mmol g - 1 . A stable Mag-Im 18 suspension was prepared, and the polymer coatings were chemically stable over a pH range of 3.5−10.0. The Mag-Im 18 showed a selective binding of divalent metal ions with a binding strength in the order of Cu 2+ ≫ Ni 2+ > Co 2+ . At pH 5.3, the limiting adsorption capacity for Cu 2+ ion was 0.11 mmol g - 1 . Selective separation/recovery of Cu 2+ ions from a Cu 2+ /Co 2+ aqueous solution was demonstrated over a pH range of 3−7.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".