ASTHMA AS A PREDICTOR OF INJURY IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY AND SOCCER
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare the risk of injury between athletes with asthma (A) and those without (NA) in ice hockey and indoor soccer. The design was a prospective, case-control study of injuries over one season of play. 210 athletes (131 M, 79 F) 12 to 16 years of age who played community ice hockey or indoor soccer in Winnipeg, Canada in 2000 were recruited. 110 hockey players and 100 soccer players underwent spirometry, respiratory questionnaires, and physical examination to identify those with asthma (n = 40). Injuries were identified by a physiotherapist and referred to a sports medicine pediatrician for diagnosis. Variables examined included age, gender, weight, height, sport, hours/wk, total hours, years of experience, and presence or absence of asthma. Main outcome measures were the presence or absence of injury, defined as sport-related trauma resulting in time lost from training or games, and multiple injuries (>1/player). In the NA group, 89 of 170 (52%) sustained injury during the season compared to 13 of 40 players (33%) in the A group (p = 0.03). 57% percent of soccer players incurred injuries compared to 40% of hockey players. Multiple stepwise logistic regression confirmed asthma and sport as independent predictors of injury, with the NA group having a 2.5 fold increased risk compared to the A group(OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.4–4.5, p = 0.02). Soccer players were twice as likely to be injured as hockey players (OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.3–6.7, p = 0.03). Soccer players were also more likely to sustain multiple injuries compared to hockey players (p = 0.006). Injury outcome was not associated with age, gender, height, weight, hours/wk, total hours, or years of experience playing the sport (p >0.1 for each). The injury rate was 12/1000 hrs in the NA group and 7/1000 hrs in the A group. These data suggest that young athletes with asthma who participate in ice hockey or indoor soccer are less likely to sustain injury than their peers without asthma. Supported by the Children's Hospital Foundation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".