Postnatal Steroids and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Problem In the Making
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steroids have been given in pharmacologic doses for the prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia since initial reports in the 1970s showed acute improvements in respiratory status.1 Since then there have been >40 randomized, controlled trials evaluating their use. It is now clear that this treatment leads to an acute increase in lung mechanics and gas exchange in the injured lung, leading to a reduction in requirements for assisted ventilation,2 but there is no published long-term pulmonary outcome data. Postnatal steroids in pharmacologic doses impair growth, including growth of the brain, leading to dramatic reductions in cortical gray matter volumes.3 Other short-term morbidities include hyperglycemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and perforation,4,,5 sepsis,2 and periventricular leukomalacia.4,,6 Despite the large numbers of randomized infants (>2300) only 8 studies (679 infants) reporting neurodevelopmental outcomes were found for a systematic review just published in BioMed Central Pediatrics 7 a new on-line journal, with rigorous and completely open peer review, which is linked to the PubMed …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.176 | 0.334 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.029 |
| Open science | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.023 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".